Chinese: Mandarin form of the surname 夏 meaning ‘summer’ in Chinese: (i) borne by some descendants of royal families from Xia (夏) the name of a Chinese dynasty (2070–1600 BC). In some cases it is a shortened form of the compound surname Xia-Hou (夏侯). (ii) from the second element of the personal name Zi Xia (子夏) style name of Zi Xi son of the Duke Xuan of Chen (ruler of the state of Chen died 648 BC). (iii) from the first element of the personal name Xia Wu (夏戊) personal name of the nephew of an official in the state of Wey during the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC).
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names 2nd edition, 2022